Ijenereyitha yeTurbine yomoya-Isisombululo esitsha saMandla oMbane waMahla

Yintoni Amandla Omoya?

Abantu baye basebenzisa amandla omoya kangangamawaka eminyaka.Umoya uhambise izikhephe ngakuMlambo umNayile, ukumpompa amanzi kunye nokutya okuziinkozo, ukuxhasa imveliso yokutya nokunye okuninzi.Namhlanje, amandla e-kinetic kunye namandla okuqukuqela komoya wendalo abizwa ngokuba ngumoya afakwa kwizinga elikhulu ukwenza umbane.Ijini yomoya enye, yale mihla engaselunxwemeni inokuvelisa ngaphezu kweemegawathi ezisi-8 (MW) zamandla, ngokwaneleyo ukunika amandla ngokucocekileyo phantse amakhaya amathandathu ngonyaka.Iifama zomoya eziselunxwemeni zivelisa amakhulu eemegawathi, zenza amandla omoya abe yenye yezona zinto zingabizi kakhulu, zicocekile kwaye zifumaneka lula kwiplanethi.

Amandla omoya ngowona mthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo anexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ngowona mthombo mkhulu wamandla ahlaziyekayo e-US namhlanje.Kukho malunga nama-60,000 iiinjini zomoya ezinomthamo odityanisiweyo ozimegawathi ezingama-105,583 (MW).Oko kwanele ukunika amandla amakhaya angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-32!

Ukongeza ekudlaleni indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni kwamandla ethu, izisombululo zamandla omoya zikwanceda iinkampani zorhwebo ukuba zihlangabezane neenjongo ezivuselelekayo kunye nezigunyaziso zamandla athembekileyo, acocekileyo.

Izinto eziluncedo zamandla omoya:

1. Iiinjini zomoya zibuyisela ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yobomi bonke eyayanyaniswa nokusasazwa kwazo kwisithuba esingaphantsi konyaka, phambi kokubonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-30 yokuvelisa umbane ongenakhabhoni.
2. Amandla omoya anceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide - kwi-2018, igweme i-201 yezigidi zeetoni zeemitha ze-C02 ezikhutshwayo.
3. Amandla omoya abonelela ngengeniso yerhafu kuluntu olubamba iiprojekthi.Umzekelo, iintlawulo zerhafu zelizwe kunye nezengingqi ezivela kwiiprojekthi zomoya eTexas ziphelele kwiidola ezingama-237 ezigidi.
4. Ishishini lomoya liyakuxhasa ukudalwa kwemisebenzi, ngakumbi ngexesha lokwakha.Ishishini lixhase imisebenzi eyi-114,000 kulo lonke elase-US ngo-2018.
5. Amandla omoya abonelela ngomthombo ozinzileyo, owongezelelweyo wengeniso: Iiprojekthi zomoya zihlawula ngaphezulu kwe-1 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi koorhulumente basekhaya nabasekhaya nakubanini-mhlaba babucala ngonyaka ngamnye.

Ingaba ijongeka njani iProjekthi yaMandla omoya?

Iprojekthi yomoya okanye ifama ibhekisa kwinani elikhulu leeinjini zomoya ezakhelwe ngokusondeleleneyo kwaye zisebenza ngokufana neziko lombane, ezithumela umbane kwigridi.

Iprojekthi ye-Frontier Wind Power I e-Kay County, e-Okla., Isebenza ukususela ngo-2016 kwaye iyandiswa kunye neprojekthi ye-Frontier Wind power II.Xa sele igqityiwe, iFrontier I kunye ne-II ziya kuvelisa i-550 yeemegawathi zamandla omoya zizonke – ezaneleyo ukunika amandla amakhaya angama-193,000.

Zisebenza Njani Iiinjini zoMoya?

Amandla aveliswa ngee turbines zomoya ezijikelezayo ezisebenzisa amandla ekinetic omoya oshukumayo, athi ajike abe ngumbane.Uluvo olusisiseko kukuba iiinjini zomoya zisebenzisa iiblade ukuqokelela amandla omoya kunye namandla ekinetic.Umoya ujika iincakuba, ezijikeleza irotor edityaniswe kwijenereyitha ukwenza amandla ombane.

Uninzi lweeinjini zomoya zineendawo ezine ezisisiseko:

• Iiblades zincanyathiselwe kwi-hub, ejikelezayo njengoko iiblades zijika.Amagqabi kunye nehabhu kunye zenza i-rotor.
• I-nacelle igcina i-gearbox, ijenereyitha kunye nezinto zombane.\
• Inqaba ibamba ii-rotor blades kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba.
• Isiseko sibambe i-injini yomoya kwindawo yayo emhlabeni.

Iindidi zoomatshini bomoya:

Iiiturbines ezinkulu nezincinci ziwela kwiindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko, ezisekwe kwi-rotor: i-horizontal-axis kunye ne-vertical-axis turbines.

Iiiturbines ze-Horizontal-axis zezona zisetyenziswa zixhaphakileyo uhlobo lweinjini yomoya namhlanje.Olu hlobo lweinjini yomoya luthi qatha engqondweni xa usenza umfanekiso wamandla omoya, enamaphiko afana kakhulu nepropeli yenqwelomoya.Uninzi lwaba matshini banamacangca amathathu, kwaye ubude be-iturbine kunye nokukhona iblade inde, ngokuqhelekileyo kokukhona uveliswa umbane omninzi.

Iiinjini ze-axis ezime nkqo zikhangeleka ngakumbi njenge-eggbeater kunepropeller yenqwelomoya.Iincakuba zezi turbine zincanyathiselwe phezulu nasezantsi kwerotor ethe nkqo.Kuba iiiturbines ezithe nkqo zingasebenzi kakuhle njengoko zithe tye, ezi azixhaphake kangako namhlanje.

Mngakanani uMbane oYilwayo yiTurbine?

Kuyaxhomekeka.Ubungakanani be-turbine kunye nesantya somoya ngokusebenzisa i-rotor blades inquma ukuba ungakanani umbane oveliswayo.

Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, iiinjini zomoya ziye zande, zivumela iincakuba ezinde kunye nokukwazi ukuthatha ithuba lobutyebi bomoya obungcono obufumaneka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.

Ukubeka izinto ngendlela efanelekileyo: I-injini yomoya emalunga ne-megawatt e-1 yamandla inokuvelisa amandla acocekileyo aneleyo kumakhaya amalunga nama-300 nyaka ngamnye.Iiinjini zomoya ezisetyenziswa kwiifama zomoya ezisekwe emhlabeni zikholisa ukwenza ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya phantse kwi-5 megawatts.Izantya zomoya zikholisa ukuba malunga neemayile ezili-9 ngeyure okanye ngaphezulu kuninzi lwee turbines zomoya eziluncedo ukuqalisa ukuvelisa umbane.

Udidi ngalunye lweinjini yomoya luyakwazi ukuvelisa umbane owona mkhulu phakathi koluhlu lwezantya zomoya, rhoqo phakathi kwama-30 kunye nama-55 eemayile ngeyure.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umoya uvuthuza kancinane, imveliso iyehla ngesantya esiphezulu kunokuba ime ngokupheleleyo.Ngokomzekelo, umlinganiselo wamandla avelisiweyo wehla ngomlinganiselo wesibhozo ukuba isantya somoya sihla ngesiqingatha.

Ngaba kufuneka uqwalasele izisombululo zamandla omoya?

Uveliso lwamandla omoya luhlala luphakathi kwezona ndawo zincinci zekhabhoni kuwo nawuphi na umthombo wamandla.Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwikamva lobonelelo lwamandla kwisizwe sethu, ukuxhasa utshintsho lwamandla ehlabathi kunye nokwanda kwemfuno yemithombo yamandla ezinzileyo.

Umoya ikwayenye yezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zeenkampani, iidyunivesithi, izixeko, izinto eziluncedo kunye neminye imibutho ukutshintshela ngokukhawuleza kumandla angakhutshwayo kwisikali.Isivumelwano esinye sokuthengwa kwamandla (VPPA) sinokukhusela amashumi ukuya kumakhulu eemegawathi zombane onguziro womnatha kwiminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwengama-25.Uninzi lwezivumelwano zikwaphawula ibhokisi yokongezwa, okuthetha ukuba ukufumana amandla amatsha acocekileyo kushenxiswa imithombo yamandla enokubakho emidala, ekhupha kakhulu.

Yeyiphi eyona ndawo ilungileyo yeProjekthi yaMandla omoya?

Kukho iingqwalasela ezintandathu ezisisiseko kwiiprojekthi zamandla omoya:

• Ubukho bomoya kunye neendawo ezifunwayo
• Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo
• Igalelo loluntu kunye nesidingo sasekhaya sokuvelisa amandla ahlaziyiweyo
• Imigaqo-nkqubo ethandwayo kwinqanaba likarhulumente kunye ne-federal
• Ukufumaneka komhlaba
• Ukukwazi ukudibanisa kwigridi yamandla

Kanye njengeeprojekthi zePV zesolar, iimvume kufuneka zikhuselwe phambi kokuba kuqaliswe ufakelo lwamandla omoya.Eli nyathelo libalulekileyo liya kunceda ukufumanisa ukuba iprojekthi iyasebenza na ngokwemali kwaye inomngcipheko ofanelekileyo.Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, injongo kukuba neeprojekthi zomoya worhwebo ezisa ii-electron kwigridi kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umakhi KUNYE neprojekthi ziphilile ngokwasezimalini kuya kuqinisekisa impumelelo kwisizukulwana okanye ngaphezulu.